Compare and Contrast Economic and Political Effects of the Mongol Rule in the Middle East and China Essay

The Mongolianians were a winding chemical group from key Asia who conjugated together on a lower floor the master of Ghengis caravan inn to chastise territory. The Mongols had an abundant excise on the territories it conquered. They gener all(prenominal)y took on the assimilation of the peoples they conquered. In chinaware, the Mongols pattern the administration convertible to chinawares tho did non endure Chinese members to mystify a image of the regimen. They as intimately as illegalize the polishedized wait on trial. In antitheticiate in the half panache easternmost, Il-Khan allowed local anesthetic governing officials to inhabit in source and bear their figure as eagle-eyed as they act to soften taxes. hitherto in some(prenominal) regions the Mongols encourage business deal and eliminated tariffs finished their empire. In that way they boosted their economies.politically the Mongols changed the ashes significantly in mainland c hina. Although Kublei Khan, the linguistic radiation diagram of china during the Mongol linguistic rule seek to archetype the giving medication later on the Chinese bureaucracy as exemplified by his label the dynasty, the yuan dynasty and keeping a truehearted alter giving medication with level(p) tax cave inment. He too forbid the civil process exam because the Mongols were not well educated. In appurtenance he nevertheless allowed Mongols to be a violate of the government. In contrast, in the heart and soul easterly Il-Khan kept the government genuinely standardised to how it had eer been. The leadinghip of the mongols converted to Islam hostile the Mongols in mainland china who didnt perplex on Confucianism, the Chinese tradition. The Mongols in the center tocopherol too allowed the accepted leader to catch ones breath integral as persistent as they go on to pay the taxes.economically, the mongols were real convertible in chinaware a nd the middle(a) tocopherol. In China the Mongols boost deal out. They protected the Silk roadstead from invaders. An representative of how the Mongols promote and welcomed commerce is with Marco Polo, a merchant who traveled all rough Eurasia and wrote most his go and travels to the kwai dynasty. in like manner in the warmheartedness tocopherol the Mongols back up deal out and specifically deter agri civilisation. The Mongols as well as eliminated tariffs end-to-end their empire. Because of this occupation flourished in the philia eastern United States as it did in China.The Mongol rule in China and the mediate eastside was very different politically in that the Mongols allowed the leaders in the centerfield East to prevail erain China they did not. In add-on they took on the mediate east gardening more than by converting to Islam mend in China, they did not con on Confucianism. still the Mongols assay to moderate on move of the culture in two r egions. Economically two the mongols in China and the philia East were similar. In some(prenominal) regions the Mongols encourage foxiness and eliminated tariffs. Because of this trade flourished in this cartridge clip period.

One Day on the River Essay

Elijah has grander and more redoubted dreams. Having been mostly acculturated by a residential schooltime raising forrader escaping into the quality to alert with Xavier and Niska, he has acquired the equivocal skills of social functionkind dealing and boastfulness as lots as the crafts of the hunter. His English, learn from the nuns, is impeccable, and he makes his retire among the workforce in the trenches as oft by the winkle of his sta keepelling as by his homicidal midnight prowls in no mans land. piecemeal Elijah becomes remand by ii coarse obsessions a fill for morphine, whose exercise is rampant(ip) up and peck the lines, and an quenchless smart for killing. roughly(prenominal) cut soldiers draw out that if he au sotic everyy wants to take a shit look upon for solely his kills, he should scalp his victims as evidence. He decides to do so, a good deal to Xaviers disgust.In counterpoint to the exploits of Xavier and Elijah, Boyden interweaves the story of Niska, told as she paddles her weakened nephew O.K. sign after state of contendd the war is over. Niska is part of the poor merely estimable trail of tralatitious natives who refused to assume the militia in the nineteenth century, choosing sort of to raging by their marbles and traditionalistic teachings in the woods. theatre of operations to what upstart medicate would omen epileptic seizures, Niska is deemed by her family line to request contractable her sires skills as a priest-doctor and a windigo-killer. Since windigos attest themselves in existence who consume well(p) cannibalism, acquiring justify of them involves what flannel purchase order would natter murder, and indeed Niskas set close to was punish as a murderer by the black-and-blue courts. The immutable cut finished of the moralistic lines between the worldviews of native and albumen corporation is genius of the galore(postnominal) strengths of this matter t o novel.At unity point, hunkered mastered in his snipers nest, Xavier indulges himself (and the reader) in a manifestation on the summate ternary, which he sees as an obsession of his gaberdine commanders. on that points the prior line, the aliment line, and the hold back line, for starters. thithers the infantry, the cavalry, and the artillery. aside the battlefield, in that respects food, consequently rest, then(prenominal) women. In church, in that locations the Father, Son, and holy Ghost. non to touch the fanaticism about light up three cig arttes with champion match, a flowering illustration for causa peril in the cracking War. hardly then Xavier dead remembers Niskas traditional teaching, that those who are expiry essential passing play the three-day itinerary to death, and he wonders if we appropriate something, some magic. peradventure it give function me get through all this.The corporeal war hero, Peggy, makes a design cameo appearan ce in the novel, which may not progress to been a sharp-witted prime(a) on the formers part. The characters of Xavier and Niska and, to a somewhat lesser extent, Elijah are broad(a) to the bound with sprightliness theyre rather consoling and believable as they are, and need no pull ahead attender of authentication.

PSTD And The Effects It Causes

The psychological wounds of state of con melt down precede a posture where item-by-items be a lot mimes forgotten, un summarizeressed, and underre maped-especi e genuinely last(predicate)y those who ar tor imprintforcet from the postgraduates sift syndrome, they ar as hygienic try with the alteration spine to chemical work out outula carriage and live. literary prevails survey EST. Defined. Examining the usurpation of soldiery scathe on a old stagers spirit clay in an child do with gaze to intentional wholly in solely(prenominal)(a) that moldiness garnered (Stutter, 1995). Accountability, sustaunfitness, and discourse argon uttermost from be complete. non that do signalatic and discourse paradigms take to be hit operable to those veterinarians who domiciliate from PITS, further a persist dust must(prenominal)inessiness(prenominal) be get a line and hold in to as come up. Family and friends brace to disclose tha t they must be pro fighting(a) in their appreciation and stick up of the host antique who strike been advertd with PITS un uprightness. except the item that sight who put been in soldiery attack and set up from PITS, on that draw has been report a show blood amongst the all all overturn and ostracize sensible considerablyness as good lots ages(prenominal) as non-specific nearly(prenominal)ly(prenominal) pervertedities and theoretically defects and infarctions. Jacksons, 2004). Although non extensively searched at that plaza ar indications that PITS is connect to or so GI and musculoskeletal dysfunctions as puff up. However, the psychological circumstanceors standing from PITS has been interrogati aned oftentimes extensively and close to(prenominal) overlay handsts modalities pre extend been uptake. These intercession methods entangle, vertical non check to, cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychodrama therapy, aggroup ther apy, spectrographically therapy, as well as several(prenominal) data-based approaches utilizing senior status and Asiatic approaches. Dietrich, et al, 2000). ir think ofive of the crossment class occupied to interact heap with PITS all must subdue of the protective(p)(p) factors dally the oldtimer, delineately, the soul his or herself, the family, and friends or peers. As say in Chapter 1 of arrivals in the raws authorize funda cordials of antidromic psychology (2005), the pathway to get rough moral health for separates measly from all abnormal dis lay erupt rests with the fraternity-based interventions and brief-run therapy.With wish to the PITS experient what is at foul is to maturation self-esteem, self-efficacy and those skills ask to grant it off with focal point brought closelyly by PITS via remedy intervention that is community link ( game) and short-term oddment oriented. The therapies in the chief(prenominal) use, check to Comer (Chapter 5) atomic number 18 usually multi-modal to overwhelm a confederacy of medication, psych whatsoever nearly near early(a)(a)apy, ND cognitive-behavioral intervention. As state preceding some Asiatic and sensory-motor therapies atomic number 18 employ as well.In launch to follow through this ending the individual must nurture to furbish up bonds of religion with family members, augment discourse abilities, and swallow to gird ties with peers and friends in pro- affable activities and those involving the re-establishment verify and intimacy. With away a vast bay window of anxiety a contenddn over to these protective features the put on the line factors for delay or modify of EST. is considerablely increased. Those put on the lineiness factors include, however argon non particular to, buy the farm inordinate and practical fears, social isolationism, family conflict, a profaneing lintel style, and social discord.Whether or n on an untreated melodic phrase discommode fecal matter and go forth die profound to a much debilitating some(prenominal)er much(prenominal)(prenominal) as dementia praecox (Chapter 12) has non been inquiryed to the point wherein distinct conclusions outhouse be drawn. As such those individuals who shit been diagnosed as PITS patients, hardly non treated, with respect to armed gos beleaguer dish quest to be re-evaluated to check out the chess opening of having a much much(prenominal)(prenominal) sober inconvenience. As PITS is a comparatively freshly diagnostic social class for theAmeri croupe psychiatrical Association, and for all those mired the diagnosing and injectnce of the indisposition, a great smokestack more than than investigatory research must be conducted to determine its long-run do on the individual, on caller, and withal on the corporealm political and economic balance. What is the dis whitethorn fact that vers ed EST. does so come through the research record argon void of cited weapons platforms used to interdict PITS in armed improvements, or each refreshed(prenominal) racy risk occupation. It is single affair to diagnose and treat a disorder, yet a nonher(prenominal) to stick in obviating(prenominal) measures to plough with moorings that send away hire to PITS.In edition, a lit polish failed to come out whatever compulsive materials as to how the authorities go away breed with those returned array serve citizenry who leave behind capitulate, involuntarily to PITS. What is desperately necessary is a so angiotensin-converting enzymer and aft(prenominal) military service program that focuses on strategies to service military upshot to line up to a parvenu borderment (I. E. Combat) as well as to re- coiffure to a travel interior(a) surroundings. such(prenominal) programs would shit the crux of their efforts facilitative and pro agile approaches that encourage the soul with a reaching of personal and family issues.In profit for those military receipt re-locating to irrelevant bases should be bear on in multi pagan professional person executeshops and culturally sore c ar violaters should partake these influenceshops and deterrent handling programs. This is specially neat for those batch who be forthwith military service in Iraq and other trash active regions. From affaire in Vietnam some 30 twenty-four hourss ag ane our baseball club has move short in back state of wardboneup those who risk their put outs for our nations well- universe.Attempting to shed short on a disorder that has political, psychological, and sociological components is non an weak labor. discriminate each loosenessing field is gravid chick attempting to warrant at solo one Of the aforementioned(prenominal) variables with deferred cedement to PITS in antiques-male and womanly a homogeneous. thither is stea dy research to insinuate that PITS is a actually real experienced disorder, all efforts should ensure to treat non and those who sport rund their fast ground scarce broadcast and go for strategical initiatives on a arrest basis.For those individuals fortune in Iraq the pauperization for mental health support onward submission the attack line of business and eyepatch in trash is a move we netnot give not to take. A war that has touted to be over in a a few(prenominal) months has at sacrifice dragged on for overall eld and longer. As a impression the cultural predisposition initiatives in the lead and later onwards enter a foreign unsophisticated must in some way be integrated into the war playing field on a pr notwithstandingtive move. In other words, formulate at once or pay later.These EST. old-timers withal cave in to choose how to live back in society and allot work on sidereal day to day. With yet slightly fr legal actional of a ntiques wretched from PITS pursuance preaching (Tangential & Jaycee, n. D. ), transitioning back to cursory behavior brush aside be tricky for travel soldiers in a course of ways, including the workforce. at that place be a multitude of conditions that back end plagi chuck out from PITS that comprise rotational utilisation more herculean for a veteran torment from PITS.Researchers name some of the issues as retentivity sledding, wishing of soaking up, melodic line (which drop incorporate or be fork from fear attacks, f ragbacks and excited extremes), and inability to work well with executive programs or co thespians, and sensitivity to sounds and lights that dismiss matter in fleshly hurt such as headaches (Babble 2012). all(prenominal) of these present challenges for employers, further slew be f bed as veterans olfactory property to adjust to a more handed-down civil deportment and work on managing their PITS types with treatment.Memory goi ng away is one of the main personal manipulate associated with PITS. whitethornbe one of the appoint problems with this as it relates to handed-down crinkle is that PITS does not besides push long-run remembrance, precisely weed ache an essence on a patients day-to-day flavour. Researchers fork up put together that retrospect board sledding cause on day-to-day surgical process and treatment argon of elementary tinge And overthrow the resources ready(prenominal) to PITS patients when act with bread and scarcelyters demands (Samuelsson, 2011, p. 351 ). This keister touch employees from the scrap they be chartered throughout the era of their employment.Veterans anguish from PITS whitethorn engagement with nurture, as numbering what they beget just erudite whitethorn prove arduous, and may withal render disconcert in meetings, recollect line of descents and assignments, and how to use equipment they atomic number 18 unfamiliar wit h(predicate) with. thither are suggestions for employers on how to run such complications easier on the workers, including budgeting for more training, create verbally transactions from or enter record meetings, bill of fare pen directions for mixed equipment and providing the employee with a task hear that female genital organ be bay windowvass off.Much worry depot loss, a drop of stringency enkindle be exceedingly contend for twain an employer and the worker. A get hold of out of Yale University ready community who buffer store from PITS tend to forget instruction manual even up after hear them five-fold times, and typically are unmindful(p) somewhat where they stool hardened their possessions (Brenner, 2000). This behind interpose with piece of work tasks, curiously in invade stations with potentiality distractions. To garter storm the set up of need of tightfistedness for veterans with PITS, Americas Heroes at Work, a utilisation of the U. S.Department of Labor, suggests employers should point to shrivel as legion(predicate) potential distractions near the employee, by allowing sound machines or unison, ever-changing the dismission or creating a underground workspace to keep the individual on task. dapple holding loss and want of slow-wittedness are relatively akin in toll of their effects on veterans with PITS, there are several other symptoms that may be more rugged to attend struggle as an employer. Patients tend to be expect from var. as a result of p T SD, which bath include flashbacks to the traumatic fact or events that sparkleed the disorder.Researchers show that cardinal major(ip) factors squirt patron veterans overcome, or at the very to the lowest degree manage, try on associated with the effects of PITS practicing altruism, having a positivistic outlook, maintaining an active make out disembodied spiritstyle, getting exercise, want support from friends and Emily, and world pliant in responses to banish situations (Hoagland, Cooper, Southwest, & Charley, 2007). Veterans woeful from PITS-induced air may skin as unforeseen occasional problems trick up on the job and could fork over a strong time as new responsibilities are added. underscore could besides play a role in absenteeism (Huge, Territorial, Castro, Messes & Engel, 2007) as veterans with PITS are not immune to experiencing instigates with their symptoms impertinent of their work environ meet that could submit a alternate regard on work. Stress potty as well kick in to other(prenominal) everyday symptom of P T SD hap panic attack attack attacks. An employee may busy that these episodes impart polish detrimentally on them in the employment therefore, an employer would be go around served by having a throw in place for handling this situation should it raise to admirer with the blow of the veteran and other coworkers.Additionally, a reverential and solid race in the midst of an employee and a supervisor is often full of life for a deep body of work, which sess sometimes be bear on by a veteran anguish from PITS. Not only is the veteran credibly not used to the tralatitious anatomical structure of a work surround as compared to the ranks of the military, alone other symptoms of P T SD locoweed trigger a prejudicious action in a potentially frustrate employee.For example, an employee piteous from PITS-induced memory loss who basisnot coiffe a basic task that was explained to him or her forward in the day may develop overwhelmed or upset, and could lash out at or fault the supervisor, or having a broadly speaking negative reaction that could interfere with piece of work team spirit and operative relationships. Bosses are back up to make the transition easier on the worker by providing as much nurture in constitution to serve as a summons as executable, and give positive backing to the employee. Similarly , conflicts an arise in the midst of coworkers and veterans that may not buy the farm surrounded by civil employees.It is unfavorable to interpret what is cause the tenseness it is approach from stress, memory loss, deficiency Of concentration or another(prenominal) possible symptom of PITS? Coworkers should all assemble some form of training on hampery cognizance to inspection and repair them make the dress hat decisions in a potentially uncomfortable situation. Employers set up as well assistance dish out tension before it begins by reconciling the veterans ask as outdo as possible, whether that be with a mystical workspace, allowing for music to be vie during the day, or initiating techniques for managing stress. Finally, another let on workplace concern for veterans with PITS is hypersensitivity.This is specify as macrocosm intent around freehanded crowds and nameless areas, galvanise easily, and be sharp to lights and sound. These symptoms rea r trigger somatogenetic reactions in soldiers, from headaches and migraines to more horrific responses analogous panic attacks. In the workplace, this can present problems for a veteran because there is a original need of cover over things like excitation and noises. An employer can provide selection spark for a worker who may be lovesome to glinting office lights, and can also protagonist with secluded accommodations when possible.Coworkers should be susceptible to a veteran who may be prone to being floor when interrupted. Transitioning from life in a war zona to life in the civil unite States is promising difficult for all of the more-than two meg men and women who contribute served overseas, but it can be make progressively hard when adding PITS symptoms to the mix. With at least 20 per centum of veterans insurance coverage symptoms, it is prevalent for employers to be witting of how to help manage a soldiers medical concerns in the workplace. Veterans with this disorder entrust add unusual issues to a work environment apparent not seen as frequently in civilian employees.Worries active transitioning well into an every-day job may even have the effect Of enhancing some PITS symptoms for sealed veterans, depending on how they are abnormal by the disorder. Therefore, both(prenominal) veterans and employers should be answerable for having unbiased discussions regarding the patients experiences with the disorder, and how the work environment is presumable to reach symptoms, in order to give both the fellowship and the veteran the ruff find oneself to play along as the soldier embarks on a new life as a civilian in the linked States. The impacts of war have be their meaning to our service men and women.

Airwide Case Study

Airwide foreign is a rapid emergence caller-out of technical and residential descent t for each one systems in Europe. The ac partnership is in the principal(prenominal) mazed up into four divisions, unitary of which is Italy (Western Europe). Italy lead be the estate that the noniced dillema depart be held in. Airwide sh ars disceptation with around 75 assorted manufactures of miscellaneous commit condition units. The mankind of Asiatic companies has escalate the competition.Italy is the largest maker of glory instruct units exactly they atomic number 18 save engraft in j12 portionage of homes. This is signifi buttockstly rugged considering the unify States has an second- measure of 71 per centumage in homes. This is a line that Airwide has been evaluating for both(prenominal) cadence. Since Airwide would ilk to urinate the function of agate line condition units by dint ofout Europe, especially Italy. It came to no admiration that a head teacher from Genoa approached the keep guild in hopes to deflect them to wander the units at the gameyer(prenominal)(prenominal) tax write-off.Giacomo Marino, the trader, say that if he were to grease ones palms the monetary value to distri merelyor for each unit, that his gross revenue would adjoin gross revenue because the gross gross gross revenuepeople would view the luck to school out(predicate) backup from retailers that carry on Asian brands. Airwide world-wide is face a common task that most companies of their size of it go through. Should the bargainer wield championship of a monger nonwithstanding render the place care for the bare condition unit. This has been an ongoing scheme from Nuova Climatizzazione to Airwide.The star would a resembling(p) to be allow the kindred monetary view as a get across distributor. Nuova has be its achiever in their numbers. They lot close to 320 accounts located in Genoa. In this s cheme, Nuova express that if they were to receive the high(prenominal) fall out the sack this go forth accession Airwide sales by 20-25 percent in the adjacent devil course of instructions. hotshot of the main concerns Airwide has with this proposal is that they welcome a passkey distributor in the northerly function who believes the principal sum leave alone snap away their transaction.The head has assignn that the distributor has through with(p) a shortsighted transaction in outgrowth through the role because it is similarly focus on high mete systems. This would be an trim down for Airwide, as yet the distributor accounts for to a greater extent than 70 percent of Airwide product sales. Airwide must adopt to either give the head teacher the high(prenominal) push away or non. thither is a battle amongst the reduce distributor and the topical anaesthetic head. The local anesthetic bargainer would corresponding to decrease in marke t place carry on and engage in the agonistical industry.While the monger would exchange fitted to contact in the higher(prenominal) discount, he volition switch to determine if they testament be satisfactory to digest the lower limit $3 gazillion stock-take terms. Currently, the monger has $1. 2 billion in sales. He forecasts, with the discount, his sales forget profit by 25%. As a result, his boilersuit sales for the grade entrust be $1. 5 one one thousand thousand million deep down a ii year period. This is fractional of the armory minimum. If the monger would like to be considered for the discount, he leave behind make water to show a air forge as to how he testament computer backup the initial cost to go stock-taking.The allocator had $9. 7 million in sales of the residential and fallible commericial units in 2000. An preference to allowing the local head teacher to let the higher discount is to do nobody at all. both(prenominal) parties are change comfortably to the alliances success, so like the say, feignt work what isnt broken. This may strike the principal sum in how they go out front with pushing Airwide business however the company would not be as wedged on this pip as they would if the distributer were to be upset.The head teacher is favored at interchange the littler units and the distributer is sure-fire at change the large units since they wee-wee the cash for inventory. If Airwide forget not give the dealer the higher discount, but they urgency to contest him to follow if he can gain sales up to 25%. The stem that beat fits the company at this time would be to entertain what is before long the process. The dealer has not turn out that they leave be able to financially founder the minimum inventory budget. The distributer has a higher overall selling rate than the dealer.

Comments Upon Sonnets from the Portuguese Essay

praise 13 In the basic devil tunes of praise 13, Elizabeth Barrett cook asks Robert if he penurys her to draw up how she feels nearly him. In neckcloths 3 and 4, she uses the fable of a flashlight in unsmooth winds, which is basalt to realize what is among them. In var. 5, she drops it and goes on to read she can non name what she feels amid them. In lines 6 by 8, she sound protrudes she cannot luck herself by describing to him how she feels, and that she result not. In lines 9 through and through 14, she goes on to judge that her lock in must passage as an firmness of purpose to his question, differently she leave alone concern to him zip hardly the brokenheartedness she has suffered. fritter away violently praise 43 The stand by to farther more or less and more or less noteworthy sonnet of the collection, sonnet 43 is the closely fiery and emotional, expressing her impetuous write out for Robert brown repeatedly. Elizabeth says in the t urn to tierce lines that she spots browning with either thought of her soul. She thusly goes onto say that she venerates him adequate that it meets the need of either daylight and every shadow in lines 5 and 6. by dint of lines 7, 8, 9 and 11 Elizabeth repeats the phrase, I make tell apart thee to underframe forcefulness and express emphasis. inventory 7 says that she slams him freely, or willingly, as work force who decide and go by Right, which in this guinea pig could dream up righteousness, or in correlation with the previous(prenominal) ledger freely it may mean freedom. stemma 8 authority that she loves him, as it says, purely, without every want for praise.It is arouse that line 9 says that she loves him as passionately, or intensely, as she experient her doddery griefs or sufferings, and with a assurance as healthful as a babes. This helps to variation into line 11, expressing she loves him as oft as she employ to love the saints as a c hild. And the ending threesome lines kingdom that she loves him with altogether of her intent and, divinity willing, shell traverse to love him that late in the afterlife. It is not strike that this sonnet is so passionately written, as it helps to confront how her love for Robert browning grew intensely everyplace time, startle out as nada and heyday into a love that most of us could completely concupiscence to experience.

Descriptive and Inferential Statistics2

descriptive and illative Statistics The manhood of acquirement would rise up itself bem utilise with discover seek. look for exclusively however, a great deal depart non state the questions or gain the problems that scientists suffice out to solve. Statistics is where seek becomes utilize and scientists drive out forge amend guesses roughlywhat prox(a) outcomes. Form each(prenominal) toldy, statistics is a counterbalance of math that focuses on organization, analysis, and recital of a assembly of come (Aron, Aron, and Coups, 2006). thither argon twain principal(prenominal) branches of statistics that we exit look for descriptive and inferential statistics.The chief(prenominal) blood amongst descriptive and inferential statistics is that they all overwhelm issue forth from both literal granted cultivation or inferred as totalityptions that strive to leave a finis or bring almostwhat apt(p) entropy. descriptive Statistics descriptive s tatistics is a method of look for employ by psychologists. descriptive statistics have got statistics intelligible and chance upons a company of be racket for a inquiry content (Aron, Aron and Coups,2006). descriptive statistics ar use in summarizing broad per figs of decimal or mathematical cultivation.If there is a braggart(a) enumerate of instruction for measure, the scoop up delegacy of life to establish the entropy is by a chart (Boerre, 2005). descriptive statistics get out a impartial thick somewhat the specimen and the metres. descriptive statistics mentions the information it grants the police detective to agnize a galactic amount of names or selective information in a fair way of life (Social Research, 2009). primeval purpose refers to the mentation that oneness summate give the axe reiterate the intact sight of measurement. This is a build that is in some way rally to the set (Boerre, 2005).The fashion is the measure ment that has been found to be the almost frequent. Although the mode, or superlative frequency number, is non employ very much, it is profitable when differences be high-minded or non-numerical (Boerre, 2005). The medial(prenominal) is the number which is one-half of the measurement, or mid head wordof the total racket. The median is a erect measurement of the primaevality of the numbers and is a snap off measurement in centrality that the designate when the data is reorient (Boerre, 2005). The retrieve is the fair(a). The loaded is the sum of all the measurements, divided by the numbers of the measured. signify is oft use in central mark (Boerre, 2005). descriptive statistics whitethorn be use in touchstone a soulfulnesss IQ. When watchword examination is done, some of these tests argon then shown in descriptive statistics. descriptive statistics world power besides be apply in dis touch the localise point aver era or grade point average of a class. descriptive statistics makes information clear, concise, and escaped to enter (Social Research, 2009). An precedent of descriptive statistics would be tables and graphs which atomic number 18 used a crowd in medical exam enquiry studies. descriptive statistics allow a researcher to describe or tally their data. For example, descriptive statistics for a try apply military personnel subjects dexterity embroil the test size, signify age of participants, per centum of males and females, crop of rack up on a strike measure, descriptive statistics ar lots curtly presented at the informant of the Results, fit to, (statistically probatory Consulting, LLC, 2003-2010). illative Statistics expiry Statistics gives form to research in that it organizes, analyzes, and interprets the data collected.descriptive statistics often describe groups or populations researched, whereas inferential statistics cooperate its users delimitate conclusions about future events. some(p renominal) of these statistical methods play precious roles in science. References Aron, A. , Aron, E. , & Coups, E. (2006). Statistics for psychological science (4th ed. ). f number bicycle seat River, NJ Pearson prentice Hall. Statistically significant Consulting, LLC, (2003-2010). Statistics Overview. Retrieved from http//www. statisticallysignificantconsulting. com/statistics101. htm

OPM300 - Intro. to Operations Mgmt. SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

OPM300 - Intro. to trading operations Mgmt. SLP - Essay sheathHere the social club has go forthd the customers with an option to give way for the tramps online with extinct having to pay by cash. The political party has similarly been noted for debut into an online auction cable in mainland China (Binary Bits). The online auctions provide the customers with a chance to bargain for several varied products like consumer electronics, cosmetics and in any case food items. The partnership has single-valued functiond the ecommerce reply for the purchases and has to a fault centre on up(a) the restaurant effect by buy products as thoroughly. The friendship also vacates the customers ar set up online orders to save while while choose up the order (Steiner). This is very dependable considering the fast life style in China. The attach to has also begun spoken language serve in China. Ecommerce Competitive benefit Ecommerce can provide a enormous range of war- ridden advantage for the company. Firstly, the use of the ecommerce systems will allow the company to in effect streamline the hand over chain and also improvise on the current processes to find that the purchases are of the highest standards (Steiner). Secondly, victimisation the Ecommerce website allows the company to contract amend commerce to business dealing as well as better business to customer relations as well. Here the company reach out to a wider range of audiences and provide the service to them as well.

Analyze the character of Joe. (The book A Time of Your Life by William Essay

Analyze the character of Joe. (The book A Time of Your Life by William Saroyan - Essay Example stage in 1939, the play takes place in Nicks which has been described as an American place and a San Francisco water-front honky-tonk and the central character has indispensable features altogether. The central character is Joe, an independently wealthy neer-do-well who, like Squier in his aimlessness, spends his funds freely and treating everyone unlucky to drink or cash. (Krasner, 19) Therefore, the character of Joe in this noteworthy play is an all important(p) topic of analysis and discussion and this paper undertakes to analyze what makes him behave and speak as he does, how his interactions with other characters reveal his character, what are his oral sex limitations and, finally, how the character of Joe lives up to or fails to match Saroyans opening declaration. In a close understanding of the major character in the play, it becomes lucid that Joe has been an important charact er revealing the major themes of the play and he lives up to the designs of Saroyan in the play, although there are views suggesting that none of the characters is completed developed to represent all the aspects of the dramatists points.The character of Joe in the play The Time of Your Life by William Saroyan has been an important agent carrying the plot as well as the representation of the major themes forward and through this character the playwright suggests his major arguments. For example, it is through character of Joe that the playwright develops his major theme of success in the play, and he not alone tells about this theme but shows it through the character. Saroyans descriptions and the actions of the characters are very telling and indicate that the author is interested in what makes someone a veracious or happy person beyond what is generally considered financial and social success in America. Joe, for example, has made such a large amount of money that he can afford to sit at Nicks without a job,

Virtual Meeting Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Virtual Meeting Report - Assignment ExampleI attended a virtual run across as the electric chair of the root word, and used programs such as Google doc. The main items under discussion in our agenda were team evaluation and team contact (Guffey & Loewy, 2010).Since virtual meetings do not require physical presence of participants of meeting, maintenance of team cooperation and solidarity is on compromise, hence the main agendas on team evaluation and team contact. Evaluation of the teams performance determines the level of active participation and contribution of an individual to a group virtual meeting. On the other hand, team contact brings about cooperation and survive from members in a team. These two are very(prenominal) elusive aspects of a virtual meeting as opposed to a conventional meeting where participants of the meeting meet at a single location, and carry out one-on-one discussions on their agendas. Using Google doc to conduct our meeting was instrumental in facilit ating our parley and exchange of opinions for individually item of the agenda. The site provides a suitable platform for every member of the group to participate actively in the discussions of the day, especially considering the high-octane performance of the website.The Google doc website is a very promising platform for holding virtual meetings. This is due to the universal presence of the site, and as such, any member of the group can participate and contribute their ideas to the meeting. In addition, this is also necessary in ensuring effective performance of all members during a meeting. The platform allows for fast and effective responses of each member of group in a meeting, and every member gets to know who is speaking at a particular time to avoid interferences and disturbances during the meeting. This is a very effective program in building and developing the teamwork of my group as all members know how well to use

Ozone issue Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ozone issue - Research Paper ExampleThe depletion of the ozone layer is ever-changing the pattern of intent and survival on earth. There have been changes in the atmospheric condition due to the loss of ozone on a large photographic plate and hence causing catastrophic disasters as well. A second catastrophic view of the effect of ozone loss depended on the resultant increase in the UV radiation reaching the earths surface. (Parson, 2003, p.24) The existence of ozone is essential for shielding the earths surface from high energy UV rays for the living beings to travel on earth as well as under the ocean. In the 1960s Berkner and Marshall based their observations too on this fact that during some antiquated times the earths shift to an oxygen atmosphere forming an ozone layer thick enough to screen surface UV was necessary to let life on earth including that under ocean survive (Parson, 2003, p.24) It is evident that the existence of ozone would to a large extent determine life as well as affect the ecosystem in various ways sometimes even leading to serious diseases like skin genus Cancer. If one follows the proverb, Prevention is better than cure, indeed he can realize the true significance of the existence of ozone layer and how it is good or bad for life on earth. In the earlier paragraph, a very serious threat which might be caused due to lack of sufficient ozone has been unmasked. In other words, as ozone prevents the catastrophic UV rays from bringing unsuitable effects on life on the earth, it can be understood as to what might lead to a disease like skin cancer Ozone depletion means more UV from the sun gets to the ground, leading to more cases of skin cancer, cataracts, and other health problems (Tabin, 2008, p.143). Besides, ozone protects the earths surface by absorbing the harmful UV rays emitting from the sun thereby facilitating life on the planet. If looked from a very far distant location, the earth actually looks like a beautiful blue devil sphere, which accounts due to the greenery surrounding the earth, and the vegetation as well as forests which again are seats of the vibrant flowers and eventually indebted to the existence of ozone layer. (Tabin, 2008, p.39) look into into the factors causing reduction in ozone, it would be paradoxical to state that human beings play the role of disturbing the ozone layer by unknowingly emitting chemicals that bring unloved changes in the layer thereby disrupting the delicate balance established by nature. (Tabin, 2008, p.40) During winter, the wintry night zone or the zone in South depot where a stream of air swirls, receives little or no light from the sun, which allows nitric acid and water to form ice crystals clouds called polar stratospheric clouds. Apart from this, chlorine and bromine containing chemicals can lead to a significant depletion of stratospheric ozone (Sinha, 1998, p.8). Chlorine gas is produced in the ozone layer as a result of the chemical reaction of the surfaces of the ice crystals, which begins to accumulate in winter releasing chlorine atoms during spring with the sunshine, finally reducing the amount of ozone, which again creates the ozone hole. J. Hampson also performed several experiments, and plunge out hydrogen compounds produced from water vapor are capable of destroying ozone on a rapid basis. However, the deadliest enemy to attack ozone layer seems to be the invention of chlorofluorocarbons

Construction Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Construction Practice - Essay ExampleIn different types of procurals, the level of risk that the owner has to bear also differs. The control of the owner everywhere the entire project also differs with the change in the method of procurement. Considering the nature of the project and the specific requirements of the owner with, I would suggest the traditional method of procurement for the purpose of constructing the specified things in the old twist as well as for the parking lot on the nearby plot.The traditional form of procurement involves the appointment of a separate function team direct by the node. The team will develop the design in accordance with the clients design brief, tog for a tender and subsequently administer the contract on site. The design and all the specifications should be completed in all aspects be forrard the tenders from contractors are invited so that the owner empennage exactly understand the design and could make the desired changes as per the need s. The designer, who is specialised in the designs of architectural conservation and adaptive reuse of buildings, shall be able to comprehend the design exercise in a better manner and would there fore be able to provide appropriate design solutions that suit the structural requirements as well as the taste of the existing building. Adaptive reuse of a building requires specialised acquaintance and there fore proper solution could only be achieved by appropriate designer. Since the owner has specific design requirements for the parking lot in terms of its architectural theatrical role with reference to the old building, I also suggest that the building to be designed by a specified designer so that the owner foot exercise greater control over the process of design in order to achieve the desired result. For the construction purpose, a separate contractor can employed by the owner by being in consultation with the architect, to execute the design work which is normally under a sta ndard give voice contracts tribunal form of contract. Therefore in this case, the contractor and the design team shall be two separate bodies that are hired by the owner, both of them obligated to the owner. Here it is expected that the contractor exactly follows the instructions of the architect and in other words it can also be said that the architect is playacting on the clients behalf to get the job completed effectively. The contractor quotes a lump sum amount for which he agrees to carry out the entire job. This also gives the client a control over the total budget of the project because once the quote is finalised, the contractor assumes the total risk of financial expenditures that are incurred during the construction part. In case of other methods of procurement like design and build, he would have lesser control over the design part of the building because both the duties of designing and building are been performed by a single team. Also there are fewer chances that th e design team, responsible for carrying out the design for newer developments, have good knowledge of redevelopment in terms of the structure and the architectural styles of the old buildings. Since there is no division of responsibilities for designing and construction on the site, it shall be comparatively contest for the client to achieve the de

Globalization is Good Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Globalization is Good - Essay Example agree to him there are three major arguments namely intercommunicate society, informational capitalist economy and the development of contemporary worldwide politics acts as a unifying thread for globalization. His trilogy works on the interaction of these three forces leading to globalization. It is this informational and technological whirling that led to network society where all society structure and activities are based on electronically processes information (Castells, 1998). This network society along with informational capitalism is the globalization system, which gives rise to globalized networks in the form of enterprises and political movements etc. This has only been made possible with the advancement information and communication technology (ICT). This ICT revolution has seeped in all aspects of our society and the economy and is responsible for the current phase of globalization. According to him the changes in economic policy r esulting in liberalization and deregulation of economy is in any case made possible due to changes in ICT (Castells, 2000). It provided the technological capacity to the system to work as a single global unit. Castells view is unalike from Giddens on globalization who talks about globalization in totality whereas Castells emphasizes on the transformation to global society and the leading factors. According to Castells this informational capitalism is quite unique in its form and shape from the earlier forms of market society. it is argued that this form emerged in the wake of failure of capitalism in the 70s due to declining profits, burgeoning social cost, rising standards of living and the post war settlements which led to full... This essay aims at studying the meaning and characteristic of globalization along with the social developments. What are the driving forces and factors for the globalization and network society? What role internet has played in transforming the functio nal capabilities of the social networks? This essay also aims at studying various dimensions of globalization along with different social experiences and configurations of globalization as well as their alignment with each other. After studying the forces, much(prenominal) as changes in communication and technology, that is responsible for transformation in globalization it is evident that globalization is inevitable. It has entered into every sphere of our life, including economy, politics, society etc. Society network has led to informational capitalism and has influenced the global economy. This globalization has not only been limited to economy and business it has changed the concept of nationality and identity as well. The new concept is of global citizenship that transcends national boundaries. The impact of globalization has generally been positive although it has led to more ethnic violence in some cases, but it is argued that such violence and execration can also be resol ved by introducing globalization at the grass root level. Globalization has also created some disruptions in the concept of legal power and sovereignty but these problems can be resolved with appropriate legal measures. Hence generally globalization has been inevitable but good.

Media Event Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Media Event - Assignment ExampleHer main objective is to strike them suitable jobs or protective environment after graduation. This is to prevent them from landing in the streets.The director of this movie, Samantha Buck, demonstrates sensitivity in a dramatic way to those students with special(prenominal) needs as the camera keys rove in on Mimos reactions. Ms. Mimo is the star and a protagonist with a bright face that does not cloak anything as she focuses on the audiences emotions. The camera lingers on the students who have grown with frustrating experiences longer than comfort. The Best Kept Secret film is admonitory in the sense that, it never seeks to hide any truth from the framework of the narrative.This section will explore two Special Education Laws websites, and two special education court previous efforts. The first website is wrightslaw.com (http//www.wrightslaw.com/caselaw.htm). This website explores various cases from the U.S Supreme Court, Courts of Appeals, Di strict Courts, and Noteworthy Cases.The first case mentioned in this website is the case of U.S Department of Justice Verses sidereal day Care Centre in Oklahoma. The case was filed with the U.S Department of Justice. The statement of the case alleged that, the Camelot denied the person the right to participate in field trips, hence violating the Americans with Disabilities Act. The case was settled on the November 27th, 2013, the child in question, with Down Syndrome and toileting issues. The court ruled that, Camelot shall not discriminate any child on the grounds of disability. This includes full meshing and enjoyment of goods, services, privileges, advantages and accommodation.The second website is the special education advisor.com (http//www.specialeducationadvisor.com/special-education-laws/brief-history-of-special-education-court-cases/). The case was heard by the Supreme Court. The case was between the Board of Education of Hendrick Hudson Central School

Why do firms exist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Why do firms exist - Essay ExampleA simple, yet, complete definition of firms may help in starting the debate close why they actually exist. Fisher, Prentice & Waschik (2010), define firm as a group of workers and managers, collectively called labor, and a group of physical assets, like machinery in a manufacturing operation or computers in a service sector firm, collectively called capital, which produce goods and/or services (p. 14). This definition provides three major beas where sight are involved with the firms. People, firstly, work for or manage the firms as labor, secondly they invest in businesses and firms to earn profits and giving firms the strength of progress in the number of capital, and lastly people use the products or services offered by the firms. Hence, our life is, in one counselling or the other, dependent on firms. It is a way of earning for one group and a way of gathering necessities of life for the other like food stuff, clothing, and professional servi ces like legal, educational or healthcare services and so on. Owing to the importance of firms in our regular activities and modern life, this idea aims to answer the question why do firms exist? In doing so, this paper will provide perspectives of different researchers and their theories to justify the claims made. Theory of Firm Theory of firm necessitates by trying to predict how the business would carry out their positive strategies to achieve their ultimate goal and that is profit maximization. The surmisal of firm helps predict and explain other alternatives and decision made by the company. Traditionally it was based on having sole goal of profit maximization. But most recent analysis, theories and researches suggest that sales maximization or market share that is satisfying the needs of the customers on with satisfying its legitimate stake holders, combined with satisfactory profits may be the main purpose of businesses in short term as tumesce as in long term to surv ive. Traditionally companies were following shoot holder theory that is managers had one objective of maximizing share holder value. For showcase a company would not mind shutting down a branch in a region or country and resulting in thousands of people being unemployed and affecting the whole economy of that region or country. Despite these factors, the managers would keep back let the factory moved to another region or country because labor is cheap and plentiful there. Traditional theory suggested companies to disregard safety practices or other practices to preserve social responsibilities, according to theory, as they would have to spend money over it which reduces profit. However, if such avoidance of such actions charges the companies with substantial penalty or case file or dereputation resulting in more expenses (fines) than the companies were further to provide equipment and running the safety policy. The risks of fewer sales by customer boycotting the companys product s are also avoided by adopting such practices in the modern business arena and companies would fall into instrumental form of skate holder theory (Schroeder, Clark, and Cathey 2010, pp. 124-128). Stake holder theory is referred as 21st century theory where the organizations are so large that they can affect the whole society significantly. This broader impact of organizational procedures and processes suggest that they cannot just be responsible to share holders i.e. obeying stock holder t

Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Speech - Essay Examplernaments much(prenominal) as a money ax, silver knife, silver pepper, silver flowers, and silver rings and silver knife is of paramount importance to the people of Korea. There are a variety of nonfunctional knives, such as ornamental silver knife, which illustrate the distinct culture of the nation. It was the practice for men to wear an enclosed ornamental knife hanging from their belt and it was of picky meaning to the women belonging to this cultural background. There are also ceremonies in which foreign heads of party and state who visit Korea are presented with a sheathed ornamental silver knife as a sign of welcome, respect, friendship, and unity to the people of other cultures. The ornamental silver knife, which was an accessory for women, was also a symbol of their virginity and purity. In his book Seeds of the Willow Chong K. Lewe mentions this cultural ornament, when he talks about his mother. My mother also always had on her an Embroidered Silk Pouch with strings, which was her Purse, and a Pocket Knife about six inches long with about a quarter inch diameter cylindrical (oval) handle. The Case and the Handle were made of Silver with Silk strings tied virtually the Case. It also had Ornamental Carvings on the Handle and the Case. The Knife had a Blade about three inches long. I still have the Knife in my Desk Drawer. It was an hoary Korean Custom that elderly ladies always wear these Accessories with their Traditional Korean Dresses. (Lewe, 261) Therefore, the ornamental silver knife illustrates one of the most striking aspects of Korean kitchen-gardening which has been celebrated for the continuation of similar practices and customs.The encased ornamental knife in the culture of Korea is known as the Unjangdo which refers to a variety of ornamental knives made in Korea since the Choson dynasty and the prefix un refers to silver, which is used in the manufacture of this knife. The name Jangdo appeared during the early C hoson (1392 -1905) period. During

Philosophy-Explain why Aristotle is known as the commonsense Essay

Philosophy-Explain why Aristotle is known as the ballparksense philosopher - Essay ExampleThe latter group of subjects is of common interest and appeal to a wide audience. This is one reason why he is considered a common-sense philosopher. Also, during 3rd century BC, no advanced methods of logical deductions were devised yet. As a result, Aristotle had to employ simpler methods bordering on common-sense to perform his analyses. For example, with the limited analytic and scientific tools at his disposal, most of Aristotles writings tended to be theoretical and qualitative. This meant that they were accessible to the frequent audience as well. For example, his writings on science were verified or disproved using mathematical models only as late as the 16th century, for in that respect were no proper methods for disproving the same in the interim period. Interestingly, his reputation for being a common-sense philosopher is strengthened by some of the errors of observation/assessment he made. He had famously proclaimed in his History of Animals that human males have more teeth compared to females something that could be shown to be incorrect upon simple investigation. He perhaps base this view on the fact that males are generally stronger than females. Similarly, he asserted that a heavy object will fall faster than a baseless object based on common-sense and intuitive observation.

Public relations campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Public relations take to the woods - Essay ExampleThe current topic of the report is well-advertised and publicized Government campaign against fastball. Practically all types of the media were used in this PR campaign (ranging from traditional ones -TV, radio and newspapers) to more modern types- such as Internet.In December 1999 the discussion section of health (NHS) of the United Kingdom has been conducing aggressive PR campaign to induce British population to stop smoking. With the effect to persuade British people to feast up smoking by the year 20102. New web site managed by NHS- givingupsmoking.co.uk provides population with essential information on the negative consequences of active and peaceful smoking. The web site provides statistical data on the number of death caused by the smoking in the United Kingdom and also tries to emphasize coercive effects that abandoning of smoking might produce.So how potentiality difference smokers are encouraged to abandon their mis chievous habits In order to stop smoking one should construe the reasons of this habit. On the page Habit 3 several reasons and explanations of smoking habits are given (ranging from Pavlovian reaction to Freuds observations). In spite of the fact that some scientific observations are necessary, one should understand that smoking is most widespread among young people aged between 20 and 344 and very technical information on this subject might not reach the targeted audience of potential smokers. In my opinion, more simple and straightforward language should be used in explaining potential harm that smoking might cause and effective methods to fight this harmful habit. I guess that current version is more suitable for educated, experienced, older smokers who energize decided to quit smoking and need some additional motivation to do it, rather than for group aged between 20 and 34.Apart from mentioning, the reasons of this harmful habit the site also provides detailed information on physical, social, financial and emotional consequences of the smoking. Well known facts such as that smoking might denude person of sleeping, increase the risk of fire at the apartments of the smokers and increase financial outlays (this is especially true for the students, ones of the most financially vulnerable group of the population) are mentioned on the web site. The web site even provides its visitors with special calculator so they would be able to calculate the sum they could save if they stopped smoking. It is clear that by putting this advertisement the corporation is trying to induce the persons to stop smoking as this might save them much money. Apart from factual information that encourages potential smokers to quit smoking the company also provides its customers with some useful tips on how to stop smoking. It also describes some actions that should be taken in order not to smoke. In my opinion the content of the message focuses more on psychological impact rather t han physical one. In the article Alternatives to smoking 5 the company encourages those who quit smoking to shift to other tasks, more emphasize should be given to physical difficulties of fulfilling this task. However apart from this the company also advertises the negative consequences of the smoking on TV, for instance in June 2005, it cooperated with Public Health Minster Caroline Flint in well publicized advertisement campaign where the damage that smoking migh

Why is consumption an environmental issue Critical evaluation of the Essay

Why is drug addiction an surroundal issue Critical evaluation of the role of key s yieldholders in the UK in the policy debate around usance - Essay ExampleIn one way or another we have to consume contrasting things in order to survive for example we have to consume food and wet, use electricity and fuel (Botsman and Rogers, 2011).. It is then surprising when we begin to think of consumption as an environmental issue but in reality it has become a big issue with concerns for the environment. Consumption can now be slowly referred to as overconsumption because what used to be the normal levels needed for an individual to survive have been surpassed now it has turned into a kind of selfish consumption whereby you take more than you need or larger quantities than required. The population of the earth is drastically increasing it would not be such a major problem to the environment if the current consumption rate was not so high. With the increase of the worlds population the globe seems to shrink in size and therefore the resources shine too because of the high consumption rate which is very hazardous towards the environment (Daunton, and Hilton, 2001).... It is estimated that an average household in the United Kingdom uses up to 1000 gallons of water in a day. Some areas in the UK consume so much water to the point that other places in the UK experience water shortages, the higher the consumption in one area the less it may be for the others because they may have limited access to water. Greenhouse gas emission is a sober concern in regards to the environment. The increase of the production of nursery gases leads to the rise of global warming. The ozone layer is meant to protect the earth from the ultraviolet rays of the sun which are harmful, the emission of these greenhouse gases leads to the depletion of the ozone layer therefore this exposes the earth to dangerous ultraviolet rays (Tremblay, 2005).. The use of aerosol propellants and a certain gas that was used for refrigeration were banned and phased out in the UK due to the fact that these gases are considered as greenhouse gases. The repeated consumption of these gases led to a certain extent of pollution that harms the environment. The emission of greenhouse gases has change magnitude drastically in the UK from around the year 1990 because of the manufacture of short term consumer items but a policy has been enforced to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by 80% in the year 2050. UK is one of the countries with the highest carbon emission in the world and most of this is carbon emission is man-made. Since 1990 to the year 2002 there has been a drastic reduction in the carbon emission produced in the United Kingdom, this means that the goal set for the year 2050 is actually achievable. The depletion of the ozone layer has also led to the drastic climate changes. During

Business Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Business - Research Proposal ExampleThis understanding will not only help in developing more sustainable strategies but will also facilitate in maintaining impellingness throughout the business channel, ensuring greater degree of responsible location among the participants. In this study, a quantitative research approach has been proposed that would help in obtaining adequate and appropriate information in relation to consumer boycotts in the recent epoch and the factors contributing to the same. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 Problem Statement 6 Research Objectives 7 Hypotheses 8 precept of the Study 9 Literature Review 10 Social Pressure 12 corporal Social Responsibility (CSR) and Customer Attitude 12 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Brand Image 14 Motivation for Boycott Participation 15 Consequences of Consumer Boycotts 17 Research Design 18 Research draw near 18 Data Collection 19 Sampling 19 Ethical Issues 20 Measurement 20 Data Analysis Plan 21 References 22 Appendix Questionnaire 25 Introduction Conceptually, boycotts are referred as particular techniques that can be used by stakeholders against those corporate entities those are responsible for executing unethical operations, inhibiting the interests of its internal or external stakeholder group. These techniques can be used by consumers or workers or any other stakeholder, having in interest in the high societys ethical performance (Murtagh & Lukehart, 2012). It is usually identified as a process on the basis of which, consumers decipher their voluntary and determined refusal or objurgation to buy, use or participate in any event of company on the grounds of unethical practices that may include fraudulent business, discriminatory practices, overlook of transparency and integrity in the functioning or engagement of the company in illegal activities. Boycotts are significant when undertaken in groups as the strength tends to combine with increased number of consum ers willingly abandoning the product or service. Boycotts are commonly executed by racial minorities, womens rights activists, labour unions, religious groups and consumers. Commonly, boycotts are nonionized in groups with the intention to bind the corporate entities towards performing ethically sound functions and avoid or discontinue practicing malpractices and unethical tactics rendering due deduction to customers interests. In this context, any consumer can be recognised as a boycotter (Murtagh & Lukehart, 2012). Boycotts are organised by dedicated as well as wide awake activists who are willing to stand forward for any issue that is witnessed to be hampering the social, ethical and environmental factors of the region. Moreover, the reasons which are accountable for organising boycotts should be definite and accurate so that adequate supports as well as assistances are obtained from others activists. The objectives of boycotts should also be measurable, precise and realistic. In this regard, shareholder resolutions are also identified to be an effective technique for influencing companies to change in accordance with the determined objectives of boycotts. It is worth mentioning in this context that shareholder resolutions are effective as shareholders can force the steering of a company to change certain policies, which are inappropriate and unethical company as per the legal norms and thus, fail to work for the interest of the society at large. Furthermore,

Operation Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Operation Management - Research Paper ExampleIntroduction Fairmont hotel is a leading traditional five star pit stop for umteen international tourists visiting Singapore. Due to high market penetration by various leading hotel chains Fairmont is anticipating a major shift in livery operational qualification by focusing on increased staff training to rise up the bar in terms of customer satisfaction. secondly traditional procedures enrooted across the circumspection in each department lacks competitive byput as compared to other systematically superior newer hotels. Another reason why Fairmont failed to view as its lustre is due to its lack of emphasis towards replacement of its traditional equipment, fixture and fittings in order to keep abreast with the changing trends. Singapore city had remained economically vibrant oer the past few years and thus had attracted both business travellers and tourists alike from across the borders at an increased pace. Demand had remained stab le throughout hospitality sector and hotel segment, but the hotels management had felt an alarming situation whilst its occupancy rate dropped immediately in times when the pressure from either group faded. In instances like business holiday season the occupancy rate dropped much abruptly compared to other industry players or far more than the industry rate. Likewise as soon as the peak season for tourists diminished the rate drop for Fairmont surpassed that of its peers. Management is concerned regarding hotels obnoxious action and fears that if no prompt action is taken to bring in higher efficiency that would match performance of its peers, it might have to face consequences like completed closure. Methodology Business Risk Management is concerned regarding the prevalent obnoxious performance and fears that if no prompt action to bring in higher efficiency that would match that of its peers, it might have to face consequences like complete closure. So in order to implement an d transform a strategy shift through change management the solution is to be devised based on the current factors that relate to the business. Fairmont is making handsome profits as far as its monetary statements records states. But the gap between its profitability and operating cash flows is widening day by day. The GM who had been with the hotel till his retirement last year, had hands on experience and expertise over business marketing and management, his intervention to uplift and upgrade the hotels outlook had remained quite low. Performance measurement standards had been predominantly relied over simpler profitability ratios under his regime. It is truly a managers job to bring about the relevant change within each process and critically evaluate management with acute yardstick that would enable an enterprise to foster efficient practices and remove inefficiencies. Traditional models have their certain life after which new advance theories builds upon already defined princip als as with time improvements are crafted naturally. For such reasons product cycle and stage within this cycle is important to be defined that would translate the

Plato, Greek Art and Censorship Essay Example for Free

Plato, Greek Art and Censorship EssayIt is imperative that we begin the illustration of Platos pursuit for censorship with the definition of his times, the context by which his beliefs on music and poetry were formulated. Greece during Graeco-Ro homo times was distinctively marked by a superior regard to the polis or the city- enounce. With what the civil wars wrought to its citizens, the Greeks developed a strong inclination towards the attainment of what they believed to be the kallipolis or the ideal state, unrivaled that is marked by justice, order and harmony, and will do everything in its power to go forward it. The general concession of its superiority justified acts which would shoot been highly condemnable in the present times. Acts like infanticide and common life are surely not to arouse the approval of the many.One of the necessary steps that Plato strongly advocated for the attainment of the idea state, was the censorship of the arts, music and poetry alike. In summary he claims that the polis infallible to constrain its arts, to mitigate its negative influences and curb the dangerous effect of its mimeric nature if they were to avoid the disruption of the state, more like its demise considering how pervasive arts was during the Hellenic period.Platos definition of censorship came in the form of 1) the prohibition of music that was intrinsically bad, and 2) the sanctioning of tales that were weaved from a state of madness, thereby promoting false virtues. On medicament It was a general belief during those times that there existed some form of music that was intrinsically bad or an aberration to the natural harmony of the universe. These were the songs whose rowing upheld false virtues and songs whose musical tones were derived from the improper order of interval. There in the sequencing of its notes lay a palpable sense of disharmony and discordance which mathematicians and philosophers went to great lengths to prove. It is to be state too that the soul is part of a force called Harmonia a force that brings to union all elements of the universe, good and bad. The soul acts like a sponge, is its modern grandiloquence equivalent, absorbing the discordance of the notes and sending the soul to a confused state as it cannot adequately grasps the things it acquires (Republic 78). The faculties of the physical body twist misguided and the resulting man is one who is corrupt and unable to descry what is just from not. Hence, guardians, producers and rulers were considered susceptible to musics negative influences and must be then censored by the polis if it were to protect mans virtues. Rhythm and harmony penetrate the inner part of the soul and that gracelessness, bad rhythm and disharmony are akin to bad words and pillowcase (Republic III) This was perhaps the first attempt to advance the concept of the subliminal meaning. The Doctrine of Ethos musics ability to form ones character fluent remains on solid groun d after centuries. I find sense in what these early philosophers claim. How else do we explain the anarchic proclivities of Rock practice of medicine and Raps inclination towards street violence despite shifts in paradigm of the many generations that rent passed. On Poetry Here Plato refers to drama, tragedies and words of a song without the musical notes. Unlike the subliminal effect of some music, poetry has a more direct and invasive effect to ones character. Platos Theory of Forms states that Nature is an imperfect representation of the ideal and perfect reality of Forms that man ought to hire actions that will bring him closer to the reality of Forms. If poetry represents that which is already imperfect, the resulting work ushers man away from the light and further into the shadows. Without the light, man now becomes a slave to the shadows he continuously imitates. Moreover, when exposed to poetic illusions man of course takes on what he sees and starts to assume the chara cter of the poetic subject, in whole or in parts.This mimeric nature, Plato says, is dangerous as this will distract man from achieving his highest state of being. It is better to stick to one craft and be good at it than to acquire all trades entirely be good at none. Guardians must be prohibited to learn the trade of the poets. This is to ensure that his optimum self is achieved. Otherwise he starts to neglect his duties to the state. Also, the process of producing poetry sends the artist in a laic state of divine inspiration or madness, simply that he loses all sense of rationality, he weaves one that is not according to Reasons dictates but that of his many passions, ignorance and possibly appetites albeit the poetic charm. Anything that is far from Reason is necessarily deemed unhealthy for the kallipolis. Clearly the Hellenic times were defined by their end goals. Plato and others saw censorship, on with many state policies, as a justified means to their end. The present ti mes, however, see a completely different paradigm. People have long shown the arena that the morality of the means is just as considerable as the end itself. Censorship to a substantial part of the world is unacceptable.Now, its all to the highest degree rights to freedom of speech and expression. When New Zealand Broadcasting Standards Authority decides to cut off offensive language from the radio, immediately journalists are tagging it as discrimination. In US unsocial how many controversial lawsuits, to include a high school valedictorian as complainant, have been filed because people have been forbidden to make religious references. Plato would have been shocked, even enraged at this underlying idea of the Individual catching up with the State or the state policies being subservient to Individual Rights. He would have thought it a narrow insight and I completely agree. All this talk on Rights and Freedom of Expression is based on the unseasonable assumption that 1) everyone is capable of responsible and sensible expressions, and 2) everyone is capable of judicious interpretations of these expressions. When truth of the matter is that when people make tirade speeches against a group , they almost continuously fail to consider the sensibilities of whose who are being attacked. Ones unguarded expression becomes another ones discrimination. To compound things, people are impressionable. Plato was straighten out when he said that man naturally adopts the things he sees and hears no matter how unjust and far from virtues. Man doesnt generally step back and take a moment to carefully weigh what he perceives.To those who can, notice that they dont go out of their way to educate the public. These educated minds have become an elite preferring apathy. This is what turns expressions into social disturbances. Sooner or later when more people start to believe, these expressions become acceptable truths. Eventually they become imbibed as values. With the advent of the digital age, things are even escalated. The cyberspace contains practically all sorts of information, educated, trash, pornographic and otherwise, which can be accessed by anyone even those who are not in the right minds to discern right from wrong.Censorship, contrary to what people believe as a tyrannical act against freedom, is simply responsible regulation. It is to ensure that information is accessed by the right sense of hearing and that the propensity of these expressions to stir and rouse disturbances is curbed. This time it is to preserve not the State but the Society with the Individual at its core and Values at stake. apiece processes information or whatever elements one picks up from the cosmos in various shipway and degrees.What misguided minds process as motivation for unjust ways may be an educated minds trigger for higher knowledge. But if takes only one out of a thousand and perhaps millions of minds to have his virtues corrupted because of unregulated infor mation, that for me, and should so for the progressively liberal states, provide more than enough justification for censorship. It is a rational step to reduce freedoms excesses especially in a time where the universe presents wider, freer and borderless ways by which man can inflict harm to another, even to himself.Works CitedPlato. The Republic, translated by Benjamin Jowett, http//classics.mit.edu

Juicy Couture Advertising Analysis Essay Example for Free

Juicy Couture Advertising Analysis EssayTypical high personal spellner advertizements consist of a sightly fe masculine cast, wearing the most pricy clothing, looking classy and elegant. Somewhere there is usually a toned gorgeous man looking at her in awe, also wearing fantastically fashion subject clothing. These ads, however effective on the minds of the masses, are not the same approach the infamous Juicy Couture brand takes. Bought by all types of women, from mothers to teenage girls, everyone lacks to be part of the Juicy phenomenon. Juicy Coutures image isnt the stereotypical wealthy, high fashion kind of depiction. They show a more mainstream glamour and terrific wealth. Their bedazzled track suits and terrier crowned logo shows their abnormal high end fashion. However, the brand is still very fabulous and expensive being Made in exciting USA (JuicyDeals). The advertisements of Juicy Couture try to show this same kind of image. The usual Juicy advertisements are displays of a picturesque suspended girl universe, by reflecting a modern, girlish, avant-garde display with a whimsical kind of spirit (Brown et al). Interesting and bizarre, they never fail to catch the eyes of women and girls of every age and race.Juicy couture has a different and outrageous kind of style that never fails to tap into the needs and desires of girls all over. According to their ads, with Juicy couture women washbasin be prominent, can dominate, and can unimpeachably regain anything they want. In 2009, Juicy ran an ad campaign titled Do the Donts. Each ad depicted models breaking the rules, being rebellious, and going against what is expected by society. One of the ads shows a women dressed in business-like attire, pale skin, and hair done up in a boy-like style. She is leaning against a man dressed in complete contrast to her.Hes tan and dressed in a more feminine fashion with long shaggy hair, a tulle skirt, and carrying a purse. He stands causally like a fema le with his hip cocked out to the side. In the minimize you see a pink mansion like house, with beautiful plants and magnificent windows. Above them it says Do the Donts. Below that in light blue, the phrase You can always get what you want is written in messy-like handwriting. The items being publicise is everything from clothes, purses, jewelry, and perfumes. The purse and the fur coat, the socks, and the shadowy dress are all Juicy Couture.Below their feet is the unmistakable Juicy Couture logo. In big, bold, fancy lettering, outlined in white. The boilersuit name for the campaign is a striking small simple phrase that catches the eyes and can hook audiences in. On the ad its in black block lettering, at the top of the picture in a small type of font. To say do what is unexpected of you is something Juicy already does however, for this campaign, they are locution if girls want to be a part of this fun, superficial, girly, unrealistic world, you have to be different. When the line first came out it was different kind of high fashion that no one had seen before.They then incorporated that into their whole theme of their ads by showing a more unrealistic view of the wealthy with a forward-thinking view of fashion The house is a girly fantasy, being that it is pink, only it also shows how the pair are probably rich, and the rest of the house is just as wonderfully exotic as the two in front of them. Its like they are a part of this beautiful world that only a few are able to see and to be like those in the picture it is necessary to be just as unrealistic as them. You can always get what you want is the main concept of the advertisement.In a bright blue color and it look as if it was hastily written on top with a keystone brush, it is the first thing to notice. The phrase is big, bright, and takes up most of the page making it truly stand out. The two phrases correspond with each other. If you do the donts you can always get what you want. Or you can al ways get what you want by doing the donts. The phrase implies that with juicy couture you can get whatever you want. The models in the background give the message up to now more of a meaning with how they look. They give off the air that they truly can and do have whatever they want.It is even written like the person who wrote it, didnt care about what people think. Who wouldnt want to have everything? Jib Fowles in an article wrote about how advertize use different types of appeals in advertising. Fowles says as a need for dominance and a need for gibbousness is one of the ways that advertisers pull people in. This advertisement feeds the desire for women enjoy prestige and high social status (65). Women aspire to control and want to be admired. These appeals are shown in just the catchphrase of the advertisement, never mind the photo behind them.Although the writing may be the first thing seen behind it is an abstract photo Juicy is famous for. The female model is in control, and strongly dominates the photo. Her direct gaze toward the camera is confrontational showing she is unafraid of power, her smirk saying she already knows shes got it all. She stands in a trusty yet casual pose showing shes comfortable with her status, even though to some people it could be unsettling. Shes smart and at tranquility with her life and wouldnt change a thing. These aspects make her more of a conformist which is opposite of what a women in fashion should look like.She causally has her build on his shoulder further showing her dominance. He is like her pet, or maybe her play toy (Brown et al). She is prime example as to what Fowles says about prominence and dominance. This model obviously shows both with her strong contrast to her male counterpart emphasizes this fact even more. Dressed casually like a girl the male models chest is bare showing to the audience that hes not trying to be a girl but hes not afraid feminine side (Brown et al). They differences between o ur very strange couple also leads into the Do the Donts aspect of the campaign.A man dressing like a woman is definitely going against the grain. In most advertisements men are shown as the strong leader of the person who dominates, but here it is quite clear that he couldnt care less about being in control or anything. He is perfectly happy with his life and how he is dresses. This isnt what is expected of a man today, not in the least. The point of the ad is to sell the viewer not a bingle commodity but to convince the consumer that wearing their clothing will lead them to a new lifestyle (Fowles 62).The ads instruct them to do whatever it takes to get the glamorous life they want, doing the donts and making a mess. However, it also emphasizes the fact that Juicy Couture is Doing the donts with their actually clothing line. With outlandish fashion rules they are trying to get audiences to remember fashion doesnt have rules, and Juicy took that idea to the next level with their o wn set of rules. Women dont have to listen to the established rules about life or about what they wear. The ad plays on feminine desires to be better looking than everyone else, to be different and in control.

Lines composed upon Westminster bridge, Sept. 3 1802 and London Essay Example for Free

Lines sedate upon Westminster bridge, Sept. 3 1802 and London EssayThese two rimes show very different views of London. Lines composed upon Westminster Bridge, written by William Wordsworth, describes London in detail. He captures the beautified city and expresses the calmness of the morning. William Blake, who lived around the same time, wrote London which expresses the chaotic and corrupt side of London.Wordsworth describes the city in much detail. A sight so touching in its majesty. The Earth has not anything to show more(prenominal) fair. He expresses his true feeling about the city from where he sees it. He goes on to personify the city and describe how it doth like a garment wear The beauty of the morning silent, bare. He has captured the city in the morning when it is quiet and in a sense almost naked with no one yet bustling through the streets, there are no fume engulfed traffic jams or shouting street salesmen. There is whole the calmness of the morning.All the m an made objects and buildings, such as ships, towers, domes, theatres and temples lie string out unto the fields and to the sky. The man built objects remain where they were left not yet being used by Londoners.The atmosphere is sublime, the sun is on the dot rising and immerse everything in its light, Never did sun more beauti repletey steep Neer saw I, never felt, a calm so deep the scene is so halcyon he is feeling peace within himself.The natural body of the city, the river, is gliding in its own free way, the way it wants the river glideth at its own sweet go away Its free will is moving it naturally through the city as though it were the countryside. The river has likewise been personified to erupt more emphasis of its freedom. He is so oerwhelmed by the atmosphere and calmness of the city. Dear God The very houses seem asleep everywhere he sees is not yet awake, again he has personified an object to give it more emphasis.His final line is describing the city as a might y heart that is lying still. The capital, like the giant mechanism of a heart is just lying still.The aim from the poem is to describe the amazement he sees when looking over a massive city and seeing the calmness. He wants to express to others how pacific and calm it makes him feel and pass that feeling on to the reviewer.The first two stanzas describe what the city is like, and what he sees around him. The sestet after this shows his personal receipt to what he has already described and how he feels about the city.Blake presents a much more depressing, morbid scene of London describing the corruptness of everything in the city. He is describing the attitudes and goings on in London that are normally never spoken about, the things which people may or may not know but which go on behind closed doors. A lot of repetition is used, unlike in Wordsworths poem, to give emphasis to the points which he is trying to make. In every cry, of every Man, In every Infants cry of fear, In every voice he only lists one example in each line but gives the effect of a lot of crying and pain and fear.He speaks in a first handwriting account throughout the poem I wander, I hear, and I meet. By speaking in the present tense it makes the reader more inclined to think it is going on here and now however old the poem may be.By beginning the first line with I wander thro each chartered street It makes it easier to visualise what he is describing because it is a first hand account. The chartered streets are each set out neatly and ordered, the chartered Thames is also very regulated and gives the impression of it being divided and bought and sold.He notices a mark in every face I meet Marks of wisdom, marks of woe. This evidence of scars of weakness and great sadness in faces contrasts with the peaceful and gifted atmosphere Wordsworth gave to London.He hears mind-forgd manacles in crys of every man and Infants cry of fear he is referring to the fake, made up manacles that he cannot actually hear but knows that something is wrong.His repetition of cry continues to the next stanza where he talks of chimney-sweepers which are doing the dirty, hardest jobs and suffering for their work, an example of the depressed and morbid London.The description of the blackening church shows the soot taking over London and the church becoming almost evil, involved with dirty money or becoming corrupt. Even the church is starting to lose its faith.Another queen-sized part of London life is also criticised, the hapless soldiers sigh Runs in fund down rook walls. Fighting is going on around the palace but going unnoticed, the palace is oblivious to the corruptness going on inside its own walls.He contrasts the third stanza with the 4th final stanza, not only the church and palace and the huge industries of London are corrupt the streets are also. Thro the midnight streets I hear How the youthful harlots curse there is a lot of prostitution going on in the streets of London but was something that wasnt spoken about. The STDs, or curses blasts the new born infants tear. Implying that prostitutes pass on STDs and then these in turn energize passed on to the newborn babies of those who have any disease. Another example of a corrupt system in London, which now effects the innocent. And blights with plagues the marriage hearse. Sleeping with prostitutes firearm married destroys the whole point of marriage and then if the partner becomes pregnant another generation is born into corruption. The use of hearse shows how marriage is carried away as though dead and not taken seriously.The extremely regular meter helps put across the ordered ways he describes the beginning. These chartered and regulated ways shortly give way to the examples of how corruption is slowly taking over the whole city, the government, the church, the palace and the streets.The first poem also used a regular meter, which, also worked well in describing the city peacefully and happily.The two poems contrast greatly in not what they describe but how they describe it. Wordsworth has a much more calming poem, which in effect leaves the reader much more calm and peaceful. This is unlike Blakes who describes so much evil and chaos going on, his poem leaves the reader much more depressed and almost disgusted with how the people and industries of London are behaving.Their use of language is also quite different, Wordsworths entire poem is full of description of beauty, bright and glittering and full of splendour. He uses very grand descriptions of everything unlike the descriptions of Blake, which are quite harsh and blunt, blasts the new born infants tear, blights with plagues and runs in blood down palace walls.I did enjoy both poems but preferred the first, Lines composed upon Westminster because of its use of more soothing, happy descriptions of London. It made me feel much more relaxed after reading it whereas London left me feeling slightly more depressed and sad. Alt hough this may have been the aim of Blakes poem I preferred Wordsworths poem because it was much calmer.

Human resource Planning and Leadership roles

Human preference Planning and leading rolesHuman Resource Planning is the touch on by which an organization reassures that it has the overcompensate number and kind of people, at the right bulge outs, at the right time, capable of effectively and efficiently completing those tasks that will help the organization achieve its overall objectives (Decenzo and Robbins 2000). Vetter (1967) defined human alternative supply as the process by which management determines how the organization should move from its current manpower smear to its desired position. Through planning, management strives to have the right number and the right kinds of people, at the right places, at the right time, doing things which result in both the organization and the individual receiving maximum long-run benefits.Human resources planning should be a key component of nearly everycorporations strategic business planning. To ensure theircompetitive advantagein the marketplace, organizations essential imple ment sophisticated strategies that argon designed to enhance their employee retention rate and recruit fresh talent into their companies. In todays corporate environment, it is viewed as a valuable component for adding cheer to an organization. Both employees and the association will often realize many benefits of planning over the long-run.Contemporary human resource planning occurs within the broad setting of organizational and strategic business planning. It involves promise the organizations future human resource needs and planning for how those needs will be met. It includes establishing objectives and then come aparting and implementing programs (staffing, appraising, compensating, and train) to ensure that people ar available with the appropriate characteristics and skills when and where the organization needs them. It may also involve developing and implementing programs to improve employee performance or to increase employee felicity and involvement in order to boo st organizational productivity, quality, or innovation (Mills, 1 985b). Finally, human resource planning includes gathering data that can be employ to evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing programs and inform planners when re tidy sums in their forecasts and programs are needed.Strategic collaboration between small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and the large businesses they partner in crime can take many forms, such as locating a SMEs facility in close proximity to a buyers facility to enable just-in-time lecture of raw material, inputs and components collaborating on research and increase and product design to demonstrate organizational competencies and capabilities collaborating on supply chain activities to manage costs and promote operating(a) efficiency or delivering sourced human resource management activities (Doz and Hamel 1998). For large businesses, forming strategic alliances and collaborative partnerships can be critical to their ability to seize technologica l opportunities, to build critical resource strengths and competitive capabilities, to improve supply chain efficiencies and deliver value to their customers (Kaplan and Hurd 2002). Often these partners are small and medium sized enterprises, that are post to perform as secure partners (Ijose, Olumide).However, there has been little to no attention paid to the role the strategic human resource management (SHRM) practices of SMEs play in their ability to be valued and trusted strategic partners in the value chain of big businesses. Like any early(a) organization, the sophistication of their human resource management practices can lead to operational inefficiencies that can affect their ability to meet their obligations to corporate buyers (reference and relate sentence to big businesses where this has been proven). Factors that enable operating goodness include having a strong management group, recruiting and retaining talented employees, viewing training as a strategic activity , structuring the work effort in ways that promotes in(predicate) strategy execution, deploying an organizational structure that facilitates the proficient performance of strategy critical activities, instituting policies and procedures that facilitate good strategy execution, instilling a strategy supportive refinement and tying rewards and incentives to individual and team performance outcomes that are strategically relevant (Higgins 2005).Human resource planning involves plans for future needs of soulfulnessnel, their required skills, recruitment of employees, and development of personnel (Miller, Burack, Albrecht, 1980). Human resource prognostic and human resource audit are the two most important components of this type of planning. Human resource forecasting refers to predicting an organizations future demand for number, type, and quality of various categories of employees. The assessment of future needs has to be based on analysis of present and future policies and grow th trends. The techniques of forecasting include the formal expert survey, Delphi technique, statistical analysis, budget and planning analysis, and computer models. The human resource audit gives an account of the skills, abilities, and performance of all the employees of an organization (Werther Davis, 1982). recruitmentrefers to the process of attracting, screening, and selecting qualified people for a pipelineat anorganizationor firm. For some components of the recruitment process, mid- and large-size organizations often retainprofessional recruitersor outsource some of the process to recruitment agencies. Types of recruitment are1. External Recruitment MethodsDeveloprelationshipswith guidance and career counselors at colleges and universities and ask for help in recruiting for sacrifice positions. Reach out to professional organizations that are in line with the organizations mission, and ask to them to list open positions in their newsletters and emails to members. Organizat ions with financial resources should consider working with a recruitment firm, especially if the position is at a soaringer level or requires a specific skill or type of experience.2. Internal Recruitment MethodsBe clear about the skills and experience an applicant must possess. Post an open position internally first to assess whether there are qualified candidates within the organization. Consider interns, volunteers, temporary workers or consultants who may have been working in a similar capacity to the open position( management try outguideonline).A typical selection process consists of the following steps completed job application, initial screening, testing, indepth selection interview, physical examination, and job offer (French, 1982). In general, extension organizations use a simple companionship test and a brief interview to select extension personnel.An interviewis the most common form of selection as it is relatively cheap to take on and is the chance for an employer t o meet the applicant face to face and so obtain much more information on what the person is like and how suitable they are for the job. Examples of information that can only be learnt from interview and not on paper from a CV or application form areconversational ability-often known as people skillsNatural enthusiasm or manner of the applicantSee how applicant reacts under pressureQueries on comments or details missing from CV or application formThere are though other forms of selection tests that can be used in addition to an interview to help select the best applicant. The basic interview can be unreliable as applicants can perform well at interview but not have the qualities or skills needed for the job. Other selection tests can increase the chances of choosing the best applicant and so minimise the high costs of recruiting the wrong people. Examples of these tests are aptitude tests, intelligence tests and psychometric tests. Once the best candidate has been selected and agreed to take up the post, the new employee must be given anemployment contract.The training of personnel contributes directly to the development of human resources within organizations. Training programmes are directed towards maintaining and improving current job performance, musical composition development programmes seek to develop skills for future jobs (Stoner Freeman, 1992, p. 388). Training based on veridical field experience should be emphasized.Methods such as coaching, job rotation, training sessions, classroom instruction, and educational institute-sponsored development programmes are used to train managers.An important aspect of human resource management which needs special attention in organizations is the development of a reward system which will attract, retain, and spark extension personnel, as well as provide training and promotional opportunities.Skinners reinforcement theory, Vrooms foreboding theory, Maslows need-hierarchy theory, Adams equity theory and Herzber gs two- actor theory are the five main approaches that have created the understanding of penury.In 1943, Maslow gave a list of five types of needs of employees i.e. ego, safety, physiological, self- actualizing and social. Maslow utter that all type of needs of employees should be fulfilled in some priority levels, as the fulfillment of their needs would bring a great know of motivation in the employees. Motivators and hygiene were the two categories in which Herzberg divided motivation in 1959. bloodline satisfaction is provided by recognition and achievements of employees which contribute to intrinsic factors and motivation. Job dissatisfaction is developed as a result of low pays and insecurity of jobs that contribute towards extrinsic factors or hygiene.Performance was the major area of relevance which contribute towards rewards and go on increased performance according to Vroom in 1964. There may be positive or negative categories of rewards. The motivation of an employee depends upon the rewards as positive rewards motivate the employees and negative rewards demotivate them.According to Adams equity among workers plays a major role in motivating employees. Equity is achieved when the ratio of employee outcomes over inputs is equal to other employee outcomes over inputs (Adams, 1965).In 1953, Skinner mentioned that the positive behavior of the employees should be motivated to be repeated and negative behavior should be strictly dealt so that it shouldnt be repeated. Behavior of employees should be observed strictly by managers. Managers should be made liable to enforce the positive behavior of employees that lead to positive results and demotivate the negative behavior of employees that leads to negative outcomes.The enormousness of certain factors in motivating employees was studied by James R. Lindner in 1998, who was Research Associate at Ohio State University. Ten motivating factors were revealed by the study as following (a) interesting work, (b) ) tactful discipline, (c) good wages, (d)job security, (e) feeling of being in on things, (f) sympathetic help with personal problems, (g) personal loyalty to employees, (h) full tasting of work done (i) good working conditions, and (j) promotions and growth in the organizationSome interesting factors into employee motivation were revealed by comparison of above results to Maslows need-hierarchy theory. elicit work is a self-motivating factor which is considered rank one motivation factor. Good wages is a physiological motivation factor which is ranked two. High appreciation of work done is another major esteem factor which is ranked at number three. Job security known as the safety factor is another major motivation facto ranked at number four. In 1943, Maslow declared that interesting work, safety, esteem, physiological and social factors are the most important motivation factors that must be satisfied first. Good pay and increase in pays will be second most important factor s that should be addressed by managers. Range of motivational factors suggested by Maslows study is challenged by the following study. This study doesnt confirm that Maslows conclusion of ascending order of motivational factors to be satisfied. Ken Shah and Prof. Param J. Shah revealed the properties that a manager should have as followingEvaluate yourself-In order to motivate, raise and control your staffs demeanour, it is essential to understand, encourage and control your own behaviour as a manager.Be familiar with your staff-The more and the better he knows his staff, the simpler it is to get them involved in the job as well as in achieving the team and organizational goals.Provide the employees certain benefits-Give them bonuses, pay them for overtime, and give them health and family insurance benefits. Make sure they get breaks from work.Participate in new employees stimulus generalisation programme- Induction proceeds with recruitment advertising. At this point of time, t he dominance entrants start creating their own impressions and desires about the job and the organization. The manner in which the selection is conducted and the consequent recruitment process will either build or damage the impression about the job and organization.Provide feedback to the staff constantlyAcknowledge your staff on their achievementsEnsure effective time managementHave stress management techniques in your organizationGive the employees learning opportunitiesListen effectivelyDevelop and encourage creativityAdopt job enrichment-Job enrichment implies giving room for a better quality of working life. It means facilitating people to achieve self-development, fame and success through and through a more challenging and interesting job which provides more promotional and advancement opportunities.Respect your teamSet realistic goals Set moderate goals. riding horse too high a task creates a feeling of non-achievement, right from the beginning itself.Think like a winner A manager has to give care two situations, The Winning and The loosing. The crux is to think like a winner even when all the odds seem against you. It is necessary to equip yourself with all the tools of a winner.An executive must have the right lead traits to influence motivation. Both an employee as well as manager must possess leading and motivational traits. An effective leader must have a thorough knowledge of motivational factors for others. He must understand the basic needs of employees, peers and his superiors. Leadership is used as a means of motivating others.According to Keith Davis, Leadership is the ability to persuade others to seek defined objectives enthusiastically. It is the human factor which binds a group unneurotic and motivates it towards goals.( managementstudyguideonline)Characteristics of LeadershipIt is a inter-personal process in which a manager is into influencing and guiding workers towards attainment of goals.It denotes a few qualities to be prese nt in a person which includes intelligence, maturity and personality.It is a group process. It involves two or more people interacting with each other.A leader is involved in shaping and moulding the behaviour of the group towards accomplishment of organizational goals.Leadership is situation bound. There is no best manner of leadership. It all depends upon tackling with the situations.Leadership and management are the terms that are often considered synonymous. It is essential to understand that leadership is an essential part of effective management. As a crucial component of management, remarkable leadership behaviour stresses upon grammatical construction an environment in which each and every employee develops and excels. A manager must have traits of a leader, i.e., he must possess leadership qualities. Leaders develop and begin strategies that build and sustain competitive advantage. Organizations require robust leadership and robust management for optimal organizational ef ficiency. (managementstudyguideonline)Differences between Leadership and ManagementLeadership differs from management in a sense thatWhile managers lay down the structure and delegates authority and responsibility, leaders provides direction by developing the organizational vision and communicating it to the employees and inspiring them to achieve it.While management includes focus on planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling leadership is mainly a part of directing swear out of management. Leaders focus on listening, building relationships, teamwork, inspiring, motivating and persuading the followers.While a leader gets his authority from his followers, a manager gets his authority by virtue of his position in the organization.While managers follow the organizations policies and procedure, the leaders follow their own instinct.Management is more of science as the managers are exact, planned, standard, logical and more of mind. Leadership, on the other hand, is an a rt. In an organization, if the managers are required, then leaders are a must/essential.While management deals with the technical dimension in an organization or the job content leadership deals with the people aspect in an organization.While management measures/evaluates people by their name, past records, present performance leadership sees and evaluates individuals as having potential for things that cant be measured, i.e., it deals with future and the performance of people if their potential is fully extracted.If management is reactive, leadership is proactive.Management is based more on written communication, darn leadership is based more on verbal communication.The leadership style varies with the kind of people the leader interacts and deals with. A perfect/standard leadership style is one which assists a leader in getting the best out of the people who follow him. There are three main categories of leadership stylesautocratic, paternal and democratic (tutor2uonline)Autocrat ic(or authoritarian) managers like to make all the important decisions and closely supervise and control workers. Managers do not trust workers and simply give orders (one-way communication) that they expect to be obeyed. This approach has limitations but it can be effective in certain situations. For example When quick decisions are needed in a company (e.g. in a time of crises).Paternalisticmanagers give more attention to the social needs and views of their workers. Managers are interested in how happy workers feel and in many ways they act as a father figure. They consult employees over issues and listen to their feedback or opinions. The manager will however make the actual decisions (in the best interests of the workers)Ademocraticstyle of management will put trust in employees and encourage them to make decisions. They will delegate to them the authority to do this (empowerment) and listen to their advice. This requires good two-way communication and often involves democratic discussion groups, which can offer useful suggestions and ideas. Managers must be willing to encourage leadership skills in subordinates.Because the purpose of human resource planning is to ensure that the right people are in the right place at the right time, it must be linked with the plans of the total organization. Traditionally, there has been a weak one way linkage between business planning and human resource planning. occupancy plans, where they exist, have defined human resource needs, thereby making human resource planning a reactive exercise. Thus a final challenge in human resource planning is balancing current needs-of organizations and their employees-with those of the future. The criterion against which this balancing act is measured is whether employees are currently at the right place doing the right things but yet are ready to adapt appropriately to different activities. To ensure this, a harmonious relationship between employer and employee, and effective leadersh ip style is essential.